· Eight different weathering anomalies (cracking, flaking, contour scaling, black crust, efflorescence, biological activity, differential erosion, and graffiti) commonly observed in field studies were identified following the characterization proposed by ICOMOS-ISCS [51].

 · There are a lot of environmental damages that affect building materials and monuments. Therefore, the preservation of the monuments has become a vital challenge. Gradual natural destructive factors including freezing and thawing, heating and cooling, salt weathering and acidic rainfall play an important role in destruction of monuments.

Weathering damage on Pharaonic sandstone monuments in Luxor, Egypt @article{Fitzner2003WeatheringDO, title={Weathering damage on Pharaonic sandstone …

 · weathering on the historical monuments in Upper Egypt as a contribution to monument preservation. Pilot studies were carried out on the Karnak Temple and on the …

 · Abdel Basir said about 230 foreign-led archeological missions operate in Egypt, and about 10% of those are carrying out work to reverse degradation seen in the country's famed antiquities. But ...

 · Damage diagnosis on stone monuments – weathering forms, damage categories and damage indices.pdf - Free download as PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. Scribd is the world's largest social reading and publishing site.

 · Table 1. Intensity classification of the weathering form "back weathering" for two monuments in Cairo / Egypt. Intensity classification for the weathering form "back weathering (W)" according to depth of back weathering in cm Monument Intensity 1 Intensity 2 Intensity 3 Intensity 4 Intensity 5 Intensity 6 Intensity 7 El-Merdani Mosque –

 · Barqoq Islamic monument was built 1284 A.D. at old Islamic Cairo, Islamic monuments and mosques located in 30[degrees] 2' 52"N and 31[degrees] 15' 36"E. Figure 1 on each side of El Moez Street, Walls and gates that witnessed many important events throughout history surrounded Cairo.

Weathering damage on Pharaonic sandstone monuments in Luxor, Egypt. Fitzner, Bernd; Heinrichs, Kurt; LaBouchardiere, Dennis. Oxford [u.a.] : Pergamon Pr. (2003)

 · The Pharaonic stone monuments in Upper Egypt represent cultural heritage of outstanding universal value. All monuments have suffered weathering damage. In the …

 · Dec 12, 2019· 2002 limestone weathering of historical monuments in cairo, egypt.Natural stone, weathering phenomena, conservation strategies and case studies vol.205, siegesmund s., weiss t.Vollbrecht a.217239 london, uk geological society of london special publications.Google scholar.

 · Physical, chemical and biological weathering forms can deteriorate the stone though it is the utmost durable building material. Aesthetic and structural homogeneity can be only detected by accurate damage analysis of the monument. Proper identification of the causes and effects of weathering can only justify analysis. [5].

 · Weathering damage on many historical stone monuments in Cairo is alarming. Studies on properties and weathering behaviour of the limestones were carried out by means of laboratory tests and in situ investigation of many historical monuments. The laboratory studies reveal considerable petrographical variations for the Middle Eocene …

Abstract The Roman and Byzantine monuments at Sabratha in northwest Libya represent cultural heritage of remarkable global significance. This report describes the weathering damage of calcarenites, the most dominant stone type used in the construc-tion of monuments in the ancient city of Sabratha. Stone loss, particularly alveolar

 · the weathering damage on the monuments comprised survey, classification and registration of weathering forms. The detailed registration of the weathering forms was made by means of ... sandstone monuments in Upper Egypt as well as in the course of past and current restoration works. The Gebel el-Silsila area is located in south-western Egypt ...

Building Stones of Our Nation s Capital Acid Rain in, The marble balustrade on the west side of the Capitol building shows damage from acid rain dissolving the mineral calcite, Weathering deterioration caused by exposure to the environment is a natural part of the normal geologic cycle, to learn more about the connections between acid rain and the …

 · Weathering damage on many historical stone monuments in Cairo is alarming. Studies on properties and weathering behaviour of the limestones were carried out by …

There are various elements which affect the weathering process of stone monuments: climate conditions, shapes of cultural heritages, exposed time periods, terrains, and vegetation around them,...

 · All monuments have suffered weathering damage. In the year 2000 an Egyptian–German research co-operation was started aiming at the systematic …

Since the facing was removed 1,000 years ago, products of weathering have formed talus slopes overflowing the blocks and banking against the base of the pyramid. An estimate of the rate of talus formation indicates that the pyramid annually loses only 0.01 percent of its total volume and could remain standing for 100,000 years.

 · Weathering damage on many historical stone monuments in Cairo is alarming. Studies on properties and weathering behaviour of the limestones were carried out by …

 · Fitzner B, Heinrichs K, Bouchardiere DL (2003) Weathering damage on Pharaonic sandstone monuments in Luxor-Egypt. Build Environ 38:1089–1103. Article Google Scholar Ghobadi MH, Momeni AA (2011) Assessment of granitic rocks degradability susceptive to acid solutions in urban area. Environ Earth Sci 64:753–760

 · Weathering damage on many historical stone monuments in Cairo is alarming. Studies on properties and weathering behaviour of the limestones were carried out by means of laboratory tests and in situ investigation of many historical monuments. The laboratory studies reveal for the Middle Eocene limestones considerable petrographical …

1. Introduction. The experimental studies in decay of Quartzite Colossus in Egypt are extremely rare and all agreed that the deterioration of these statues is a complex process in which physio-chemical and biological mechanisms are usually considered the main factors, it generally starts before discovering with alteration processes due to the synergetic action …

CiteSeerX - Document Details (Isaac Councill, Lee Giles, Pradeep Teregowda): Abstract: Since pharaonic times local limestones have been used in Cairo for monument construction. Weathering damage on many historical stone monuments in Cairo is alarming. Studies on properties and weathering behaviour f the limestones were carried out by means of …

 · The environmental impact of air pollution on the built ... Apr 10, 2021· The limestones used for the construction of the historical stone monuments in Cairo come from local middle and late Eocene outcrops (47.8–33.9 million years ago) located in Mokattam, Helwan and Giza areas (Aly et al., 2015, Aly et al., 2020).

Limestone weathering on historical monuments in Cairo, Egypt Limestone weathering on historical monuments in Cairo, Egypt BERND FITZNER, KURT HEINRICHS & DENNIS …

 · Working group "Natural stones and weathering" Case study "Weathering damage on Islamic limestone monuments in Cairo / Egypt" Click on an image to load a larger version. Image sizes are 1741x2500 (~1.2 ) each. Other version for slow (modem or isdn) internet connections: Damage diagnosis:

The Pharaonic stone monuments in Upper Egypt represent cultural heritage of outstanding universal value. All monuments have suffered weathering damage. In the year 2000 an Egyptian-German research co-operation was started aiming at the systematic investigation of stone weathering on the historical monuments in Upper Egypt as a contribution to …

BERND FITZNER, KURT HEINRICHS & DENNIS LA BOUCHARDIERESince Pharaonic times local limestones have been used in Cairo for monument construction. Weathering damage on many historical stone monuments in Cairo is alarming. Studies on properties and weathering behaviour of the limestones were carried out by means of laboratory tests …

Monument mapping has been applied for the detailed registration of weathering forms and as a basis for the quantitative rating of stone damage by means of damage categories …

Limestone weathering on historical monuments in Cairo, Egypt Limestone weathering on historical monuments in Cairo, Egypt BERND FITZNER, KURT HEINRICHS & DENNIS LA BOUCHARDIERE Geological Institute, Aachen University, Working group 'Natural stones and weathering', Wuellnerstrasse 2, D-52062 Aachen, Germany (e-mail:[email protected]